Pride and self-destruction
Coriolanus's pride isn't just arrogance. It's his whole identity. He can't separate who he is from how others see him, and when those two things conflict, he breaks. Every major disaster in the play traces back to his refusal to bend.
The tension between military and political life
Coriolanus is extraordinary on the battlefield and catastrophic in the forum. The play shows that the skills that win wars, aggression, contempt for weakness, absolute certainty, are exactly the wrong skills for democratic politics.
Manipulation and political power
The tribunes, Aufidius, and even Volumnia all get what they want by reading people and timing their moves. Coriolanus loses because he refuses to do the same. The play treats political skill as a form of power that raw strength can't beat.
Motherhood and the making of a man
Volumnia shaped Coriolanus into a weapon. She taught him to suppress emotion and prize military glory above everything. When she finally uses that bond to stop him, it costs him his life. She built the thing that destroyed him.
Belonging and exile
Coriolanus needs to be Roman. When Rome expels him, he tries to replace that identity with Volscian loyalty, but it doesn't hold. He dies without a city, without a people, and without a self that can survive outside the role he was built for.