The blindness of adulthood
Every adult the Prince meets is trapped in a role that has stopped making sense. The king commands no one. The businessman owns things he never sees. Saint-Exupéry uses these figures to show that growing up often means learning to stop asking the obvious questions.
Love as responsibility
The fox's lesson drives this theme: you are responsible for what you tame. The Prince left his rose because she was difficult. He spends the whole story learning that difficulty is part of caring for something, not a reason to leave.
The limits of reason and ownership
The businessman thinks counting stars means owning them. The geographer records facts but never explores. The story keeps showing that rational systems, ledgers, titles, and orders, fail to capture what actually matters.
Loneliness and connection
Nearly every character in the book is alone. The pilot is stranded. The Prince left his planet. The fox has not been tamed by anyone. Connection is rare and fragile, and the story treats it as the thing most worth having.
Imagination and seeing clearly
The pilot's childhood drawing gets dismissed by every adult. The Prince sees the sheep inside the box. The fox says you only see clearly with the heart. The book argues that imagination is not childish. It is the only way to see what is real.